{"id":3608,"date":"2017-01-28T16:52:16","date_gmt":"2017-01-28T16:52:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fkik.uin-malang.ac.id\/?p=3608"},"modified":"2017-01-28T16:52:16","modified_gmt":"2017-01-28T16:52:16","slug":"transisi-epidemiologi-di-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fkik.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/transisi-epidemiologi-di-indonesia\/","title":{"rendered":"Epidemiological Transition in Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Muhammad Rizal Novianto, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang<\/strong><\/p>\n

Many have discussed the so-called "demographic bonus." This demographic bonus could indeed be a momentum for Indonesia's revival, bringing it on par with the world's developed nations. Indeed, the current "explosion" in the productive-age population is predicted to peak around 2030. If this opportunity is properly utilized, it is hoped that it will spur Indonesia's development, particularly in the economic sector, thereby improving the well-being of the population. But is this demographic bonus merely a dream? It turns out that there are many challenges we must face and overcome to make this "dream" a reality.<\/p>\n

\"piramid<\/p>\n

One challenge comes from the health sector. The demographic transition has also led to an epidemiological transition. What is it? A major change in disease patterns in the population. The theory of epidemiological transition was first introduced by Abdel Omran in 1971. His theory has undergone several revisions proposed by experts, one of which is the need to differentiate between the epidemiological transition occurring in developed countries (there are five phases) and the transition occurring in developing countries (three phases). The three phases of epidemiological transition for developing countries like Indonesia are as follows:<\/p>\n

1) The age of pestilence and famine<\/em><\/strong> (a period of plague and famine), characterized by high mortality rates, low life expectancy (below 40 years), and uncontrolled population growth. This phase occurred from the 17th century to the early 20th century. Disease patterns during this phase were characterized by increased exposure to microbes, malnutrition, diseases due to inadequate food storage, infectious diseases, and endemic diseases.<\/p>\n

2) The age of receding pandemics<\/em><\/strong> (the period of declining pandemics), marked by a decline in mortality due to the decline in epidemics and an increase in life expectancy to around 55 years. This period occurred in the mid-20th century. During this phase, there began a shift in disease and death patterns, from initially caused by infectious diseases to now caused by degenerative and chronic diseases.<\/p>\n

3) The age of triple health burden<\/em><\/strong> (the period of three health burdens), marked by a significant decline in mortality rates and an increase in life expectancy to 70 years. This phase occurred in the late 20th or early 21st century. Frenk and Gomez-Dantes said triple burden of disease<\/em> In developing countries, this phase includes: (1) The accumulation of classic health problems, such as infectious diseases, malnutrition, and maternal mortality, (2) The increasing challenge of non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and mental illness, (3) The emergence of health problems related to globalization, such as new emerging diseases and health problems related to climate change and lifestyle.<\/p>\n

So, based on this theory, it can be concluded that Indonesia is now in the third phase, namely the age of triple health burden<\/em>.We will discuss this in more depth in the next article.<\/p>\n

Reference :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Pol LG, Richard KT. (2013). The demographics of health and healthcare. Third edition. Netherlands: Springer.<\/li>\n
  2. Defo, BK. (2014). Demographic, epidemiological, and health transitions: are the relevant to population health patterns in Africa? Global Health Action<\/em>, 7: 22433<\/li>\n
  3. Frenk J, Gomez-Dantes O. (2011) The triple burden disease in developing nations. Harvard International Review<\/em>, 33: 36-40.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Muhammad Rizal Novianto,\u00a0Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu-ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Banyak orang telah membahas apa yang disebut dengan \u201cbonus demografi\u201d. Bonus demografi ini memang bisa menjadi momentum kebangkitan Indonesia untuk bisa setara dengan negara-negara maju di dunia. Bagaimana tidak, \u201cledakan\u201d populasi penduduk berusia produktif yang terjadi sekarang diramalkan akan mencapai puncaknya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[22,23],"class_list":["post-3608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artikel","tag-demografi","tag-epidemiologi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fkik.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fkik.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fkik.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fkik.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fkik.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3608"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fkik.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3608\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fkik.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3613"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fkik.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fkik.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fkik.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}